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Friday, September 7, 2018

Depression A bad state of mind Part (2)

After checking into our society and found out that depression is mainly from its territory so this made us to proceed and discover what could be the causes of depression,doctors and researchers has actually done a very deep and good job..

However,the causes of depression are not fully understood and may not be down to a single source. Depression is likely to be due to a complex combination of factors that include:

  1. Enviromental factors
  2. Genetic factors
  3. Personal factors
  4. Biological factors


  Signs and symptoms

There are also signs and symptoms of depression which are listed below..


  • depressed mood
  • reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously enjoyed, loss of sexual desire
  • unintentional weight loss (without dieting) or low appetite
  • insomnia (difficulty sleeping) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping)
  • psychomotor agitation, for example, restlessness, pacing up and down
  • delayed psychomotor skills, for example, slowed movement and speech
  • fatigue or loss of energy
  • feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • impaired ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions
  • recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, or attempt at suicide
Treatment

Depression is a mental illness which can be treated ,There are three components to the management of depression:

  • Support, ranging from discussing practical solutions and contributing stresses, to educating family members.
Psychotherapy
Psychological or talking therapies for depression include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, and problem-solving treatment. In mild cases of depression, psychotherapies are the first option for treatment; in moderate and severe cases, they may be used alongside other treatment.
CBT and interpersonal therapy are the two main types of psychotherapy used in depression. CBT may be delivered in individual sessions with a therapist, face-to-face, in groups, or over the telephone. Some recent studies suggest that CBT may be delivered effectively through a computerInterpersonal therapy -helps patients to identify emotional problems that affect relationships and communication, and how these, in turn, affect mood and can be changed.

Antidepressant medications

Antidepressants are drugs available on prescription from a doctor. Drugs come into use for moderate to severe depression, but are not recommended for children, and will be prescribed only with caution for adolescents.

A number of classes of medication are available in the treatment of depression:
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • atypical antidepressants
  • selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)
Each class of antidepressant acts on a different neurotransmitter. The drugs should be continued as prescribed by the doctor, even after symptoms have improved, to prevent relapse.
A warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) says that "antidepressant medications may increase suicidal thoughts or actions in some children, teenagers, and young adults within the first few months of treatment."
Any concerns should always be raised with a doctor - including any intention to stop taking antidepressants.
Exercise and other therapies
Aerobic exercise may help against mild depression since it raises endorphin levels and stimulates the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which is related to mood.
Brain stimulation therapies - including electroconvulsive therapy - are also used in depression. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation sends magnetic pulses to the brain and may be effective in major depressive disorder.
Electroconvulsive therapy
Severe cases of depression that have not responded to drug treatment may benefit from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT); this is particularly effective for psychotic depression.
Unipolar and bipolar depression
If the predominant feature is a depressed mood, it is called unipolar depression. However, if it is characterized by both manic and depressive episodes separated by periods of normal mood, it is referred to as bipolar disorder (previously called manic depression).
Unipolar depression can involve anxiety and other symptoms - but no manic episodes. However, research shows that for around 40 percent of the time, individuals with bipolar disorder are depressed, making the two conditions difficult to distinguish.
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
This condition is characterized by depression accompanied by psychosis. Psychosis can involve delusions - false beliefs and detachment from reality, or hallucinations - sensing things that do not exist.
Postpartum depression
Women often experience "baby blues" wi
th a newborn, but postpartum depression - also known as postnatal depression - is more severe.

Image result for depressed lookImage result for depressed look

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern
Previously called seasonal affective disorder (SAD), this condition is related to the reduced daylight of winter - the depression occurs during this season but lifts for the rest of the year and in response to light therapy.
Countries with long or severe winters seem to be affected more by this condition.

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